Homepage

Build a simple homepage using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.

Background

The internet has enabled incredible things: we can use a search engine to research anything imaginable, communicate with friends and family members around the globe, play games, take courses, and so much more. But it turns out that nearly all pages we may visit are built on three core languages, each of which serves a slightly different purpose:

HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, which is used to describe the content of websites;
CSS, Cascading Style Sheets, which is used to describe the aesthetics of websites; and
JavaScript, which is used to make websites interactive and dynamic.

Create a simple homepage that introduces yourself, your favorite hobby or extracurricular, or anything else of interest to you.

Getting Started

Log into cs50.dev, click on your terminal window, and execute cd by itself. You should find that your terminal window’s prompt resembles the below:

Next execute

wget https://cdn.cs50.net/2023/fall/psets/8/homepage.zip

in order to download a ZIP called homepage.zip into your codespace.

Then execute

unzip homepage.zip

to create a folder called homepage. You no longer need the ZIP file, so you can execute

rm homepage.zip

and respond with “y” followed by Enter at the prompt to remove the ZIP file you downloaded.

Now type

cd homepage

followed by Enter to move yourself into (i.e., open) that directory. Your prompt should now resemble the below.

homepage/ $

Execute ls by itself, and you should see a few files:

index.html  styles.css

If you run into any trouble, follow these same steps again and see if you can determine where you went wrong! You can immediately start a server to view your site by running

http-server

in the terminal window. Then, command-click (if on Mac) or control-click (if on PC) on the first link that appears:

http-server running on LINK

Where LINK is the address of your server.

Specification

Implement in your homepage directory a website that must:

Contain at least four different .html pages, at least one of which is index.html (the main page of your website), and it should be possible to get from any page on your website to any other page by following one or more hyperlinks.
Use at least ten (10) distinct HTML tags besides <html>, <head>, <body>, and <title>. Using some tag (e.g., <p>) multiple times still counts as just one (1) of those ten!

Integrate one or more features from Bootstrap into your site. Bootstrap is a popular library (that comes with lots of CSS classes and more) via which you can beautify your site. See Bootstrap’s documentation to get started. In particular, you might find some of Bootstrap’s components of interest. To add Bootstrap to your site, it suffices to include

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.5.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-TX8t27EcRE3e/ihU7zmQxVncDAy5uIKz4rEkgIXeMed4M0jlfIDPvg6uqKI2xXr2" crossorigin="anonymous">
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.5.3/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha384-ho+j7jyWK8fNQe+A12Hb8AhRq26LrZ/JpcUGGOn+Y7RsweNrtN/tE3MoK7ZeZDyx" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

in your pages’ <head>, below which you can also include

<link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet">

to link your own CSS.

Have at least one stylesheet file of your own creation, styles.css, which uses at least five (5) different CSS selectors (e.g. tag (example), class (.example), or ID (#example)), and within which you use a total of at least five (5) different CSS properties, such as font-size, or margin; and
Integrate one or more features of JavaScript into your site to make your site more interactive. For example, you can use JavaScript to add alerts, to have an effect at a recurring interval, or to add interactivity to buttons, dropdowns, or forms. Feel free to be creative!
Ensure that your site looks nice on browsers both on mobile devices as well as laptops and desktops.

You should also create a text file, specification.txt, which lists the 10 HTML tags and 5 CSS properties you’ve used, as well as a brief (one-sentence) description of how you chose to use JavaScript and Bootstrap.

Testing

If you want to see how your site looks while you work on it, you can run http-server. Command- or control-click on the first link presented by http-server, which should open your webpage in a new tab. You should then be able to refresh the tab containing your webpage to see your latest changes.

Recall also that by opening Developer Tools in Google Chrome, you can simulate visiting your page on a mobile device by clicking the phone-shaped icon to the left of Elements in the developer tools window, or, once the Developer Tools tab has already been opened, by typing Ctrl+Shift+M on a PC or Cmd+Shift+M on a Mac, rather than needing to visit your site on a mobile device separately!

Assessment

No check50 for this assignment! Instead, your site’s correctness will be assessed based on whether you meet the requirements of the specification as outlined above, and whether your HTML is well-formed and valid. To ensure that your pages are, you can use this Markup Validation Service, copying and pasting your HTML directly into the provided text box. Take care to eliminate any warnings or errors suggested by the validator before submitting!

Consider also:

whether the aesthetics of your site are such that it is intuitive and straightforward for a user to navigate;
whether your CSS has been factored out into a separate CSS file(s); and
whether you have avoided repetition and redundancy by “cascading” style properties from parent tags.

Afraid style50 does not support HTML files, and so it is incumbent upon you to indent and align your HTML tags cleanly. Know also that you can create an HTML comment with:

<!-- Comment goes here -->

but commenting your HTML code is not as imperative as it is when commenting code in, say, C or Python. You can also comment your CSS, in CSS files, with:

/* Comment goes here */

Hints

For fairly comprehensive guides on the languages introduced in this problem, check out these tutorials:

How to Submit

Gradescope does have a soft file size limit when uploading (if it times out, Gradescope will reject it). At an absolute minimum, you may upload just your specification.txt file to Gradescope. Ultimately you must have something uploaded to Gradescope before the deadline for your project to be accepted. You can then share the remainder of your project directly with your TF out of band of Gradescope (e.g. via GitHub, Dropbox, e-mail, or Google Drive.) If you do need to upload your project out of band, your TF also must have received it by the deadline in order for it to be accepted. Do not wait until the last minute.

Having trouble zipping your directory and/or downloading the resulting file? Here are some tips:

Use Google Chrome, rather than Safari or Edge;
Avoid filenames that have spaces in them (particularly on Safari) or punctuation marks (on any browser);
Make sure you are actually in your homepage directory, and not elsewhere, when trying to ZIP

While in your homepage directory, create a ZIP file of your website by executing:
```
zip -r homepage.zip *
```
Download your homepage.zip file by control-clicking or right-clicking on the file in your codespace’s file browser and choosing Download.
Go to CS50’s Gradescope page.
Click “Problem Set 8: Homepage”.
Drag and drop your homepage.zip file to the area that says “Drag & Drop”. Gradescope will automatically unzip your ZIP file once uploaded.
Click “Upload”.

You should see a message that says “Problem Set 8: Homepage submitted successfully!”